As the diagram above shows xylem vessels pulls water up and the phloem vessels pull it up and down allowing for the transport of photosynthesis products out of the leaf. Not only that, but the leaves of the Mesquite are small and wax coated, which minimizes transpiration. Water may be pulled into the root by low xylem pressure and also follows osmotic gradients caused by the mineral nutrients, which are taken up actively. After nutrients are inside living root cells and have been converted to appropriate compounds, the latter are released into the xylem and move to above-ground parts.across root cell membranes
Transpiration is another action of plants that is affected by abiotic factors; such as light, humidity, temperature, and wind.
Light - The rate of transpiration is much greater when light is available as the stomata close in the dark.
Humidity - Water diffuses out of the leaf, down its concentration gradient, from a high concentration gradient inside the leaf to a lower concentration gradient in the air. The lower concentration gradient in the air is vital for transpiration. Humidity is the water vapour in the air, therefore a rise in humidity means a larger concentration of water vapour in the air and results in a decrease in transpiration rate.
Temperature - As temperature rises, so does the rate of transpiration. This is because heat is vital for the evaporation of water vapour from the cell walls of spongy mesophyll cells. A rise in temperature leads to an increase in the evaporation rate thereby increasing transpiration rate. Higher temperatures also increase the rate of diffusion between air spaces inside the leaf and the air outside. Finally, an increase in temperature causes a reduction in humidity in the air outside the leaf which causes an increase in concentration gradient and therefore an increase in transpiration rate.
Wind - Wind increases the transpiration rate by removing the humidity around the leaf produced by transpiration.